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Frederick Herzberg - Motivational TheoryHistory
Frederick Herzberg practiced clinical psychology in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, researching work-related motivation of employees by the thousands. In 1959, his findings were published in "The Motivation to Work". Theory of MotivationFrederick Herzberg's theory of motivation is a content theory of motivation. Content theories of motivation try to explain the factors that motivate people by determining and satisfying their specific needs, as well as the goals and efforts undergone to satisfy these motivators. (cf: Maslow's Needs Hierarchy ) This motivation theory is referred to as a two factor theory. The reason it is called a two factor theory is the belief that motivators can be categorized as either motivation factors or hygiene factors. This is also referred to as two need system.
Hygiene Factors which can demotivate when not present. Hygiene Factors affect the dissatisfaction of a person, but are rarely identified as creating job satisfaction.
Motivation Factors which will motivate when present. Job dissatisfaction isn't usually caused by a lack of Motivation Factors, but they are identified as the cause of job satisfaction.
To summarize: These two distinct categories of 'needs' (as identifed by Maslow) represent, on one side, the need to steer clear of and prevent unpleasantness and discomfort. At the other end of the motivational scale, they represent the need for personal improvement and development. Lacking the motivation factors such as positively encouraging employees, rewarding them, or increasing their responsibilities -- employees will shift their focus to non-job related 'hygiene' factors. Additional Resources |
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