Contingency Leadership Theory

Trait Theory | Situational Leadership Theory

Proposed by the Austrian psychologist Fred Edward Fiedler (1922- ).

Fiedler's theory posits two classifications of leaders: (1) those motivated by the need to accomplish assigned tasks (task-orientated); (2) those motivated by close and supportive relations with members of the group (people-orientated). The effectiveness of the leader is contingent upon both the leader's personality and the characteristics of the leadership situation. This leadership model has generated considerable controversy and led to the development of more than 120 published tests, many of which are in commercial use.

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